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OBJECTIVE@#To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of children with basal ganglia germinoma and to improve the level of early clinical diagnosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of children diagnosed with basal ganglia germinoma admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Ward of Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the clinical characteristics of children with basal ganglia germinoma.@*RESULTS@#A total of 30 patients were included in the study, 28 were male, 2 were female, the mean age at onset was (9.7±2.2) years, the median disease duration was 7 months, 27 had unilateral disease, and 3 had bilateral disease. The clinical manifestations were decreased limb muscle strength, cognitive function disorders, polydipsia, precocious puberty, intracranial hypertension, dysphonia and swallowing dysfunction. The serum and cerebrospinal fluid tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were normal in the 30 patients, and the serum and cerebrospinal fluid tumor marker β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) were normal in 8 patients.The serum β-HCG was normal in 11 patients but the cerebrospinal fluid β-HCG was slightly elevated, and the serum and cerebrospinal fluid β-HCG were slightly elevated in 11 patients. A total of 33 lesions with irregular shapes were found by imaging examination, including 15 (45.5%) patchy lesions, 10 (30.3%) patchy lesions, and 8 (24.2%) round-like high-density lesions. Tumors showed obvious high-density shadows on computed tomography (CT) scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the tumors showed low or isointensity on T1WI and isointensity on T2WI, accompanied by mild peritumoral edema, hemispheric atrophy, cerebral peduncle atrophy, calcification, cystic degeneration, ventricular dilatation and wallerian degeneration. On contrast-enhanced scans, the tumor showed no enhancement or heterogeneous enhancement.@*CONCLUSION@#The main age of onset of germ cell tumors in the basal ganglia in children is about 10 years old, and males are absolutely dominant. The clinical features and imaging manifestations have certain characteristics. With both combined, the early diagnosis of germ cell tumors in the basal ganglia can be improved.
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Child , Female , Humans , Male , Atrophy/pathology , Basal Ganglia/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human , Germinoma/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
With the development of economic globalization and the increasingly complex international competition environment， pharmaceutical research and development has become the most powerful weapon for pharmaceutical companies to cope with the uncertainty of the competitive market. From the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry， based on the five-element theory， the article used the thinking of comparative state to carry out analogy research on the five-element theory and entrepreneur type system. Based on the entrepreneur type system and enterprise management system， the article embedded the enterprise senior management team system， and entrepreneurs were included in the system and assigned roles according to their different characteristics. Then through the analysis of the relationship between different entrepreneurs and the research and development （R&D） directors， the article expounded the influence of different types of entrepreneurs on the R&D process. The purpose of this study is to provide different types of entrepreneurs with management solutions for pharmaceutical R&D innovation and internal collaborative management， which is conducive to the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurs based on their own characteristics， and can effectively improve their ability of internal resource integration and independent innovation in drug R&D.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as the unique health resources, huge potential economic resources, scientific and technological resources with original advantages, excellent cultural resources and important ecological resources, has made remarkable achievements in Chinese economic and social development in recent years. However, there are still some problems in the reform and development of TCM, especially the lack of willingness to innovate and low ability in commercialization of research and development findings in such companies. Meanwhile, the globalization level of TCM is not high. All these problems have seriously restricted the overall development of TCM. Taking TCM enterprises as the research object, this paper uses SWOT analysis to carry out comprehensive strategic analysis on its advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and risks. It is concluded that TCM enterprises in China should focus on research and development of classical formula compound preparations and innovative TCM products, and then propose product development and innovation strategies.
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Objective: To study the potential anti-inflammatory active ingredient of Chinese herbal Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix. Method: The inflammatory model of peritoneal macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice was used to screen out the anti-inflammatory activity of 95% ethanol extract of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix and its macroporous resin elution site (30%, 60%, 95% ethanol eluting site). The characteristic fingerprints were established by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technology, and then partial least squares method (partial least squares, PLS) was used to study the spectrum-effect relationship between the peak area of the characteristic components and the inhibition rate of nitric oxide (NO), and potential anti-inflammatory active ingredients were identified according to variable important in projection (VIP). Result: The ethanol extract macroporous resin 60% ethanol elution site of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix had the strongest inhibition ability of nitric oxide formation, with a certain dose-dependent relationship. The study of spectrum-effect relationship showed that 3 components had potential anti-inflammatory activity, namely Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (E-8-G), Emodin-1-O-β-D-giucoside, and Emodin-8-O-(6'-O-malonyl)-glucoside. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of E-8-G was further validated at the cell level through molecular docking analysis. Conclusion: Three potential anti-inflammatory active ingredients were found base on the spectrum-effect relationship. This study strategy is helpful to find the active ingredients (group) of traditional Chinese medicine, and provides new research ideas and methods for studying the material basis of Chinese herbal medicine.
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Objective:To optimize the entropy TOPSIS model to evaluate the quality of Hemerocallis Flava from different regions,in order to provide a new evaluation method for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. Method:The entropy weight TOPSIS model optimized by analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method was used to analyze the quality of Hemerocallis Flava from 14 different regions, and a comprehensive evaluation index system for the quality of Hemerocallis Flava, which covered 3 layers (target layer,decision layer and index layer),and 10 indexes (corolla of Hemerocallis Flavathe's bud,pistils,stamens,peduncle length,extract,total ash,quercetin,β-rhamnocitrin,kaempferol,sitosterin) was established. Result:Qingyang showed the best quality of Hemerocallis Flava,which was followed by Weinan,and the lowest quality was found in Datong, Shanxi, and Xiaowan village, Sichuan. The results were consistent with the evaluation results of traditional empirical identification,suggesting the successful modeling. The contents of β-rhamnocitrin and kaempferol in Qingyang were 1.72 times and 2.74 times of those of Xiaowan village, Sichuan. There was no significant difference in other active ingredients from different regions. It was suggested that quercetin and kaempferol could be used as the identification and quality evaluation indexes of cauliflower. Conclusion:The entropy TOPSIS model based on the AHP method is clear,simple to use and easy to calculate, with distinct evaluation indexes. It is a practical,quick and effective comprehensive evaluation method for multi-objective decision analysis.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antioxidant activities and chemical constituents of Polygonum Chinese L. var hispidum Hook. f. METHODS: The compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by analysis of physical and spectral data, and confirmed by comparison of their spectral data with the reported values in the literature or those of authentic samples. The antioxidant activities of the extractions of Polygonum chinese L. var hispidum Hook. f. were evaluated by oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. RESULTS: Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as isopsoralen(1), 2,3,4,6,7-pentamethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(2), 1,5,7-tri hydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone(3), quercetin(4), gallincin(5), gallic acid(6), heneicosanoic acid(7), nonadecanoic acid(8), arachidic acid(9), triacontanoic acid(10), tetracosanoic acid(ll), palmitic acid(12), lacceroic acid(13), β-sitosterol(14), and daucosterol(15), respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts had stronger antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION: All compounds are isolated from the species for the first time, and compound 2 is obtained from this genus for the first time
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Objective To explore thelevels of uric acid,blood pressure,serum lipid metabolic disorders and the distribution of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) among Uygur,Han and Kazak pre-diabetic groups in Xinjiang.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2053 Uygur residents,2219 Kazak residents and 2656 Han residents aged 30-80,all with prediabectic syndromes.The pre-dialectic patients were divided into three groups for analysis on metabolic features and inter-group comparisons.Results (1)In total,1934 pre-diabetic cases (28.3％) were diagnosed,with the highest prevalence (31.6％) seen in Uygurs and the lowest (25.5％) in Kazaks and medium (27.0％) in Hans.Data from the inter-group comparison showed statistically significant differences (P=0.00).(2) Prevalence of high LDL-C was 80.5％,with hyperuricemia as 30.3％ and MS as 58.3％,while the inter-group comparison did not show any statistically significant differences (P＞0.05).(3)Prevalence of pre-diabetic when combined with hypertension or earlier-stage hypertension,reached 88.0％,with the highest (96.8％) among Kazak group,85.1％ in Uygurs and 83.7％ in Han population.Data from the inter-group comparison showed statistically significant difference (x2 =59.959,P=0.00).(4)The overall prevalence of prediabectic,when combined with obesity was 35.4％,with 29.6％ in Han,36.8％ in Uygur and 41.0％ in Kazak groups.Data from the inter-group comparison showed statistically significant difference (x2=19.097,P=0.00).Conclusion According to results from this cross-sectional study regarding the metabolic features of Uygur,Kazak and Han prediabectic groups,differences were seen in the prevalence rates of pre-diabetic among Uygur,Kazak and Han ethnic groups,with the highest seen in Uygurs and the lowest in Kazaks.Hyperlipidemia,hypertension,hyperuricemia,MS and obesity were commonly seen in all the prediabectic groups,with the highest prevalence of hypertension seen in the Kazak group and the highest rate of obesity in Uygur group.
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The purpose of this study is to design push-pull osmotic pump (PPOP) tablets of famotidine using the expert system for the formulation design of osmotic pump of poor water-soluble drug which had been established by the authors. Firstly, the parameters which were requisite of the system input were obtained from literatures and experimental tests. Then the parameters were input into the system, and the program was run. The system displayed the designed formulations sequential. Finally, famotidine PPOP was prepared according to the designed formulations and the in vitro dissolution was carried out. It was found out that the target formulation of famotidine PPOP which could release for 24 hours was obtained in a very short period. Meanwhile, the practicability of the established expert system was proved.
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Delayed-Action Preparations , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , Excipients , Chemistry , Expert Systems , Famotidine , Chemistry , Osmosis , Solubility , Tablets , WaterABSTRACT
Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis of papers published by Second Military Medical University in journals covered by Science Citation Index (expanded) (SCIE) during 1994-2009, so as to provide evidence for decision making in scientific research adminstration. Methods: The papers published in journals covered by SCIE authored by researchers of Second Military Medical University in 1994-2009 were retrieved and analyzed; the impact factor (IF) of 2008 published by Institute for Scientific Information(ISI)was used in the present study. Results: A total of 3,539 papers were retrieved from 926 journals. Original article accounted for 83% of the total; those with an IF lower than 5 accounted for 77% and those with an IF higher than 10 accounted for 3.3%. There were 206 papers which had been cited for more than 20 times; the most active subject was immunology; and the closest cooperation in publication was with Shanghai Jiaotong University. Conclusion: This study introduces the publication of scientific papers published by Second Military Medical University and their citations from a bibliometric perspective, which provides a quantitative reference for the scientific administration department and the researchers.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the ettect and side-ettect of fluoxetine and combination of fluoxetine and Chinese or Tibetan medicine in treating senile depression in plateau district. Methods Ninety patients with diagnosis of senile depression conformed to CCMD-3 standard, in plateau district of 2260 - 3200 m altitude were randomly divided into three groups and treated with fluoxetine (group A), fluoxetine plus Sanpu Xinnao Xin granule (group B) and fluoxetine plus Xiaoyao pill (group C), respectively, 30 cases in each group. Therapeutic effects were evaluated with Hamilton' s depressive scale (HAMD) and treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) after 6 weeks treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effects between the three groups. The adverse reaction in Group B and C was less than that in Group A (P<0.01). Conclusion Sanpu Xinnao Xin granule and Xiaoyao pill can raise the tolerance of patients with senile depression in plateau area against the adverse reaction of fluoxetine.</p>
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Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Altitude , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation , Therapeutic Uses , Depressive Disorder , Drug Therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Fluoxetine , Therapeutic Uses , Phytotherapy , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plants of Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl..</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 22alpha-dihydroxy-16alpha-angeloyloxy-28-->13-lactone-oleanane-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-22-O-(6-acetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), 3beta, 13beta, 22alpha-trihydroxy-16alpha-acetyloxyoleanane-28-oic acid Na-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-22-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds I and II are new compounds and named as capilliposide I and capilliposide J.</p>
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Flavonoids , Chemistry , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Primulaceae , Chemistry , Triterpenes , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-0-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (I), 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (II).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds I and II are new compounds and named as davuricosides D and J.</p>